Giới thiệu luận điểm đầu tiên:
It appears that…
Apparently…
It is true that…
First…
Firstly…
First of all…
To begin with…
To start with…
it is true that…
According to many people,…
Some people believe that…
Many people think that…
Some people believe that…
On the one hand….
Ví dụ:
It is true that nowadays, the more interconnected and interdependent knowledge workers are, the greater is the need
Firstly, the cost of obtaining a taxi license is said to be exorbitant.
Many people think that only people in universities can do research.
2. Cách bắt đầu luận điểm thứ 2,3,4…
Second(ly)…
Third(ly)…
Then…
Next…
Besides…
In addition…
Consequently…
Moreover…
Other people think that…
Other people believe that…
On the other hand…
Apart from that…
Ví dụ:
Secondly, it could contribute to reducing nuclear danger.
Moreover the cell changers can be used flexibly in a lot of other fields of application as chemistry or materials research.
On the other hand, an examination will take place of the effects on external users reached.
3. Dẫn dắt những ý giống nhau
In the same way…
In similar fashion
Likewise…
Similarly…
Like the previous point…
Similar to…
By the same token….
In like manner
…Also…
At the same time…
Ví dụ:
In the same way, one can accept advice only according to the limits of one’s consciousness.
However, these days are in no way similar to those of the past.
This helps to save power but at the same time maintains brightness.
4. Dẫn dắt những ý tưởng tương phản
On the other hand…
Despite…
On the contrary…
Nevertheless…
While…
Unlike…
In spite of…
Although…
Despite…
Nevertheless…
Nonetheless…
Regardless
However…
Instead….
But…
Yet…
Alternatively…
Even so / though
Alternatively…
In contrast,…
Different from
Of course …, but…
Be that as it may…
Above all…
After all…
Whereas…
Conversely…
Otherwise…
Ví dụ:
In spite of the low prices, the paper industry remains an attractive outlet for short flax fibres as it can absorb large volumes and does not demand high-quality fibres.
However, public sector unions still occupy a dominant position, mainly in the following sectors.
in contrast, this rate dropped to 8 per cent in South Africa.
5. Dẫn dắt ví dụ, nhấn mạnh, phát triển:
As an example…
For instance…
For example…
To illustrate…
To point out…
As an illustration…
As an evidence…
Like…
Such as…
As…
Particularly…
In particular…
To show an example…
In other words…
In simpler terms
For one thing…
In this case…
In addition…
Furthermore
Moreover
Besides
For this reason…
To put it another way…
That is to say…
First thing to remember is …
It must be remembered…
On the negative side…
On the positive side…
Truly…
Indeed…
Certainly…
Surely…
Specifically…
Surprisingly…
Frequently…
Significantly…
In fact…
In general…
In detail…
To demonstrate….
To emphasize….
To repeat…
To clarify…
To explain…
Ví dụ:
For example, you will have to retype passwords that were previously stored on your computer.
The first thing to remember is that insurance rates vary dramatically from company to company.
I would like to emphasize the importance of physical education classes in the EU schools and secondary schools.
6. Dẫn dắt câu nguyên nhân, lý do – kết quả:
As a result…..
Consequently…..
Accordingly…
Due to the..
Contributing to …
Because
Because of the…
Due to…
Owing to…
This is due to …
Then…
Thus…..
So…..
…and so..
The reason why…..
Therefore…..
Eventually…..
For this reason…..
In that case…
In effect…
For…
Ví dụ:
An increasing number of countries were sustaining serious consequences as a result of the application of sanctions.
That is important because then the chains cannot damage vital parts of the vehicle.
Therefore, we believe that human life must be respected and protected from the moment of conception.
7. Dẫn dắt câu nêu luận điểm tổng quát:
Generally…
In general…
Essentially…
On the whole…
Overall…
All in all…
Basically…
As a rule…
All things considered…
Ví dụ:
In general, the surgeon separates the skin from the fat and muscle below.
Overall, the efforts and challenges necessary for diversifying the energy matrix were identified on this occasion
All things considered, if they are not going to be required for over 15-20 minutes, it is better to switch them off
8. Mở đầu câu điều kiện:
As soon as…
Provided that…
Because of that…
For this reason…
As much as…
If…
Unless…
In case…
Whether…
So that…
Ví dụ:
Nokia may ask you the security question if you ever forget your password.
Neither of these two rights can be exercised by the disabled unless they are given the right language.
The plan will consider whether it is medically necessary for you to have the drug.
9. Nêu ý kiến chắc chắn:
Certainly…
Definitely…
Of course…
Without any doubt…
Undoubtedly…
No doubt…
Ví dụ:
Pricing is certainly another key issue: water can no longer be provided as a free commodity
Without any doubt, we must voice our concern for the people in the country.
Of course, this cannot be achieved through communication alone.
10. Câu tóm tắt, kết luận:
In summary
In conclusion
In general
In short
In brief
In essence
In closing
To summarize
To sum up
To conclude
Obviously
Ultimately
Definitely
In a word
After all
Altogether
Overall
Ordinarily
On the whole
All in all
In a word…
To put it simply…
That is to say…
Ví dụ:
In conclusion, Syrian and Israel have begun proximity peace talks under the auspices of Turkey.
To summarize: Due to the very short wavelength a lot of environmental factors are of great influence to the propagation of radio waves.
On the whole, training and research functions have not been clearly identified or differentiated and the terms tend to be used indistinctly.
11. Những từ dấu hiệu chỉ địa điểm
• to the left
• to the right
• above
• alongside
• beyond
• farther along
• nearby
• on top of
• in back
• in front
• under
• upon
• at the bottom
Ví dụ:
The antenna is at the bottom.
The image on the left is what a night driving scene looks like to a person with normal vision.
There are also golf clubs, watersports and horse-riding facilities nearby.
12. Những từ chỉ dấu hiệu thời gian
until now
later
afterward
at the same time
currently
earlier
formerly
simultaneously
subsequently
meanwhile
previously
then
immediately
in the future
in the meantime
in the past
Ví dụ:
Until now, these benches have mainly been designed from scratch for each mission
Afterward there may be some throbbing or bruising.
Schools are more diverse than in the past.
13. Nêu lên ý kiến của mình:
· In my opinion,
· I believe that…
· Personally,
· From my point of view,
· From my perspective,
· It seems to me that…
· It appears to me that …
Ví dụ:
In my opinion, both dates are of great political importance.
From my perspective, this whole programme is a huge disappointment
It seemstome thatthis vote could be a watershed.
